Author: Umair Ud Din

Effects of Social Network Sites (SNS) on the Psychological Health of College Students
in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan

Rooh ul Amin
International Islamic University Islamabad
Dr. Khalid Sultan
National University of Modern Languages Islamabad
Abid Zafar
International Islamic University Islamabad

Abstract
The increasing trend of technological development and its acceptance by the users is a hallmark of this age. The proliferation of the most innovative technologies and its consequent convenience of information and communication via the internet have malformed the center and the fringe almost in the same manner. The social network sites (SNSs) are also attracting individuals because of their affordance and reach. The SNSs helped to connect people, groups and communities, with shared interest on Facebook, Whatsapp, Twitter and Snap chat, etc. Heavy exposure to the SNS among the youth has now become ‘virtual addiction’ that at times brings about psychological health issues. Researchers have observed a correlation between stress, depression, low self-esteem, loneliness, and social network addiction and emphasized that such dependence affects the health and psychological status of a person. This paper is also an attempt to identify such correlations by conducting a study examining varying degrees of effects on heavy and light users both male and female in academic institutes of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. The result showed a significant difference between heavy and light users for the stress levels. Female also experienced more stress than their male counterpart.it was found that female respondents were feeling more loneliness and their self-esteem got more affected as compared to male by their online activity.
Keywords:SNSs, heavy and light users, psychological health, stress, loneliness

Human Values in Textbooks: A Case Study of General Zia and Post-2010 Democratic Regimes

Qamar Abbas
International Islamic University Islamabad
Dr. Zafar Iqbal
International Islamic University Islamabad

Abstract
The study is qualitative in nature using content analysis method of research. The core objective of the study has been to gauge and compare the values in the textbooks during two eras; viz, General Zia-ul-Haq (1978-1988) and Post-2010 democratic regimes. For this purpose, the textbooks of two different time periods have been selected – primary level (grade I to V) English (as a subject) textbooks published by the Punjab Textbook Board during General Zia-ul-Haq regime and the same level English textbooks published by the Punjab Textbook Board during post-2010 democratic regimes. The human values such as tolerance, patience, empathy, honesty, justice, equity, and humanism have been divided into some categories with further subcategories as indicators to match with the content of textbooks. The collected data revealed that neither the textbooks during the Zia-ul-Haq period nor the textbooks of post-2010 regimes promoted these values in the students, as they ought to be. A minor percentage of human values have been found in the textbooks of both eras.

Keywords: Human values, textbooks, students, learning, society, tolerance, patience, empathy, honesty, justice, equity, and humanism

EFFECTS OF TV COMMERCIALISM ON THE SOCIAL NORMS

Shafayat Ali
Government College Lahore
Dr. Zahid Yousaf
University of Gujrat

Abstract
This research focuses on Television commercialism and its sound effects on the values and norms of society. As “Advertising is any paid form of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods, and services by an identified sponsor” It is described that, television commercials are altering values of our society not only in Pakistan but also of the world. Correspondingly, the aim of the current research is to disclose the role of the commercials in people lives and the effects of ads on norms of society. In this regard, quantitative research designs to investigate the problem. The research distributed the questionnaires to respondents himself for the collection of data. The population for the current study is comprised of 150 Television viewers from twin city i.e Islamabad and Rawalpindi. The data analyzed by applying statistics tools and the chi -square test. the research would be an incentive in revealing the effects of types of advertisements on media and TV audience.
Keywords: Television, Viewers, Questionnaires, and Tables

Discovering human rights journalism in Pakistani English dailies reporting Baluchistan conflict
Tariq Mehmood
The Baluchistan University of Information Technology,
Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta
Shabbir Hussian
Bahria University, Islamabad
Dr. Bakht Rawan
Allama Iqbal Open University
Islamabad

Abstract
Human rights journalism (HRJ) model has been applied in this study investigating the contents of two leading English dailies of Pakistan reporting on Baluchistan conflict which has caused massive human rights loss and violation in last several decades. The selected dailies, The News International and Dawn, found both with human rights journalism (HRJ) and human wrong journalism (HWJ) in the year 2016. The Dawn has reported many such stories with less HRJ whereas The News International has reported comparatively few stories but with more HRJ, solution-oriented news.
Keywords: Baluchistan Conflict, Pakistani English press, HRJ, HWJ